Guide of FISH DESIGN

BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | High speed fish align on design
The two fish types diverged on separated evolutionary paths about 400 million years ago, yet their bodies have come together on a similar design.
That is the thing that makes it remarkable to us, that this arose independently in the two fish, ' Professor Robert Shadwick, of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, US, told BBC News Online.
Most fish move their tails by sending a wave of contraction along the length of the body.
But this contraction must be limited in its power because each movement of the tail involves bending much of the fish's body.
The scientists placed mako sharks on a kind of aquatic treadmill - a tube that circulates water from the tail of the fish to the head - so that they swam in place.
Fish use white muscle for short bursts of power, but it rapidly fatigues.
In other fish, the muscle is arranged in blocks along the body attached to the vertebral column, which corresponds with their style of swimming.


FISH DESIGN

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Planning, Design And Construction Of Culverts for Fish Friendly Stream Crossings On Small Streams
T his web page was developed as an informational resource for people involved in planning, designing and constructing stream crossings on small streams less than 20 feet wide.
Building a fish-friendly stream crossing requires an understanding of not only fishery biology but also basic engineering and construction principles as well as fluvial geomorphology (that is the processes that form and maintain stream habitat).
Our intent in developing this web site was to provide the tools needed to plan and construct a fish passage structure that will be efficient, safe and conducive to fish passage.
The procedures we suggest were derived from best practices recommended by public and private agencies and were selected to provide practical guidelines for designing long lasting, stable road crossings that will have minimum adverse affect on fish and their stream habitats.
Any person involved with planning, designing and constructing a stream crossing improvement should consult with the appropriate federal, state and local agencies from a very early stage within the planning process and comply with permit and construction regulations.
• How to design and install replacement fish passage structures that are friendly to fish and their habitats..

Benefits



Planning, Design And Construction Of Culverts for Fish Friendly Stream Crossings On Small Streams
(US Fish & Wildlife Service) for their editorial comments.
Fundamentals of Culvert Design for Passage of Weak-Swimming Fish, Final Report .
Design of Fishways and Other Fish Facilities, 2nd Edition .
1991, Introduction to Fishway Design , Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg .
1993, Fish Passage at Culvert Highway Crossings , Presentation notes at the conference on “Highways and the Environment”, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg .
Working Document from Fish Passageways and Diversion Structures Course presented by National Education and Training Center, USFWS.
Influences of Forest and Rangeland Management on Salmonid Fishes and Their Habitats .
Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates .
Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife , 1999.
Design Guidelines for Fish Passage Design at Road Culverts .
5 Rules for Design of Fishways on the Fraser River .
Design of Road Culverts for Fish Passage , Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife .
Fish Passage Considerations in the Design and Retrofit of Culverts , Engineering Professional Programs .

FISH DESIGN: