CASPIAN SEA
Guide of CASPIAN SEA
THE CASPIAN SEA LITTORAL STATES: THE
Security in the Caspian Sea region has emerged with suprising force in policy debates in Washington, and claims are made sometimes that it has parallels with previous struggles for hegemony in this area.
I do not intend to add a new contribution to the debate revolving around the region, Rather, I want to make some modest clarifications, particularly on the issue of why the United States is extremly ill-positioned to deal with regional security problems in the Caspian.
Today, Russia is up against many players in the Caspian.
The many participants in proximity to the Caspian include Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, and China.
With these distinctions in mind, let me suggest two major security threats and two vulnerabilities in Caspian Sea region.
Applying these concepts to the states of the Caspian Sea littoral, all of them are weak, in fact very weak, similar to many of the Third World states, former colonies, newly independent since WW II.
In the Caspian Sea littoral states, pouring wealth into the hands of weak governments could destroy them, or at least prevent them from making significant progress in state-building.
First, dealing with the Russian threat has to be part of our overall strategy toward Moscow, not separate and limited to the Caspian Sea region.
CASPIAN SEA
Ukraines Plans to Transport Caspian Sea and Middle East Oil to Europe: Pipe Dream or One
ECONOMIC DEBATE Ukraines Plans to Transport Caspian Sea and Middle East Oil to Europe: Pipe Dream or One Step from Reality? by Bohdan Klid, Ph.D.
Bohdan Klid is a Research Associate at the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, Canada Since winning independence from Moscow in 1991, Ukraine has been trying to break its near total dependence on Russian oil and gas imports.
The recent discoveries of massive oil reserves in the Caspian Sea basin, close to Ukraine, creates this possibility.
This possibility would materialize if large amounts of the Caspian Sea oil would be transported from Azerbaijan to the Georgian Black Sea coast, thus giving Ukraine easy access to the oil from a friendly state.
But the greatest prize for Ukraine would be if it could succeed in establishing itself as a major transporter of Caspian Sea oil to Europe.
Its geographic position north of the Black Sea makes it not only close to the new sources of oil but also near the oil importing nations of central and northern Europe, which would benefit as well by diversifying their sources of oil imports.
This issue will become more acute as North Sea and Russian oil production fall early next century, as expected.
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Rodionov (Author) 'Prior to discussing climatic changes in the Caspian Sea basin it is necessary to describe the background against which they occur...' (more ) .
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The Caspian Sea Basin is a region where such consequences may be particularly significant.
This book traces the complex linkages between climatic changes in the Caspian Sea Basin and global climatic processes.
The main focus of this study is the Caspian Sea level (CSL).
The book will be of interest to a wide range of scientists working in the fields of hydrology, climatology, meteorology, and environmental science, as well as resource managers and policymakers concerned with climate impacts on water resources and sea level.
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Benefits
Caspian Sea Biodiversity Project under umbrella of Caspian Sea Environment Program
The Caspian Sea is the largest lake, both by its area and volume.
The Caspian has a lot of unusual features.
Its level is lower than the mean sea level (M.S.L.).
In the end of the 20th century, the sea levels unexpectedly soared, and in the beginning of the 21st century began to drop again and then stabilized.
As well as all land-locked lakes, the water balance of the Caspian hinges on precipitation, river and ground water runoffs, and evaporation, which are directly linked to atmospheric circulation..
The Caspian can be compared to Australia because it was separated from the World Ocean a long ago, as Australia was from other continents.
Many rare animals and plants, which are called living fossils, have survived both in the Caspian and Australia due to the isolation..
The third is the shallow gulf Kara-Bogaz-Gol, located at eastern coast of the Caspian.
It contains some 99 % of the total volume of the sea and occupies two thirds of its surface.
Many researchers consider this part of the Caspian Sea as the real Caspian.
This is the normal salinity of the Caspian.
This part of the sea is inhabited by the greatest number of unique Caspian species, which descend from ancient inhabitants of the Thetis.
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